Diagnosis and treatment of the full spectrum of retinal conditions using advanced imaging, intravitreal injections, laser photocoagulation, and vitreoretinal surgery by internationally trained retina specialists.

The retina is a thin layer of light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. It converts light into electrical signals that are sent to the brain via the optic nerve. Disease or damage to the retina can cause severe or permanent vision loss making prompt, specialist care essential.

Retinal diseases can affect different parts of the retina and include some of the most common conditions such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and retinal detachment. In some cases, issues like retinal tears or macular holes may develop first and later lead to more serious conditions like detachment. Age-related macular degeneration involves the breakdown of the macula, a small but vital part of the retina responsible for central vision, and is believed to result from a mix of genetic and environmental factors such as smoking, obesity, and diet. Diabetic retinopathy, on the other hand, is caused by high blood sugar levels associated with diabetes, leading to damage of the blood vessels in the retina, which then leak fluid. Retinal detachment occurs when the retina pulls away from the back of the eye, often beginning with a tear that allows fluid to accumulate underneath it; this is commonly linked to age-related changes in the vitreous, the gel-like substance in the eye, which can shrink and pull on the retina over time.

Macular degeneration, often referred to as an age-related condition, is the leading cause of vision loss and currently has no cure, making proper treatment essential for preserving eyesight. It involves the deterioration of the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision needed for activities such as reading, driving, and recognizing faces. There are two main types of macular degeneration: dry and wet. Dry macular degeneration, which accounts for the majority of cases, is characterized by the gradual atrophy of the macula, often associated with the buildup of small yellow or white deposits called drusen beneath it. Wet macular degeneration is less common, occurring in about 10 to 15 percent of cases, but is responsible for most severe vision loss; it develops when abnormal blood vessels grow and leak fluid or blood into the retina, causing it to lift or separate from its underlying layers, leading to significant visual impairment.